Autophagic decline is the primary driver of lipofuscin (cellular garbage) and damaged mitochondria accumulation. Two non-prescription compounds have robust translational data: Urolithin A (which induces selective mitophagy, clearing dysfunctional mitochondria in skeletal muscle) and Spermidine (which induces systemic macroautophagy). 1000mg Urolithin A daily has shown direct increases in cellular ATP output and muscle endurance in human clinical trials.
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